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This semistructured process is used to rule out serious pathology (so called red flags), establish functional limitations, refine the diagnosis, guide therapy, and establish a baseline for monitoring progress. As such, the objective exam will then use certain quantifiable measurements to both guide diagnosis and for progress monitoring. These depend upon the system (and area) being managed, e.g. a musculoskeletal exam may involve, inter alia, assessment of joint range of motion, muscle power, motor control and posture, whilst a cardiopulmonary assessment may involve lung auscultation and exercise physiology testing.

Physiotherapy has its origins in late Victorian England. In 1894 the British Medical Journal raised concerns about the practices of some masseuses and masseurs who were offering massage as a euphemism for sex. The BMJ called for an institution to be formed to regulate massage practice. The Society of Trained Masseuses was formed by well-meaning nurses and midwives who were keen to see their massage practices authenticated.

Massage became a vital service in both world wars and much was learnt about the rehabilitation of injured servicemen from these unfortunate events. Physiotherapy grew rapidly after the First World War with spinal injury units, orthopaedic hospitals and chest clinics providing new challenges to the profession.